Brian Greene and physicist Samir Mathur explore one of the deepest puzzles in modern physics, the true nature of black holes and the fate of information in the universe. Their conversation centers on the black hole information paradox, a problem that has challenged physicists for decades. If quantum mechanics says information can never be destroyed, how can black holes once thought to erase everything that falls into them be reconciled with that principle? Mathur introduces the fuzzball theory, a proposal from string theory suggesting that black holes are not empty regions but complex structures that preserve information. Greene and Mathur also revisit key developments in black hole physics, from entropy and Hawking radiation to modern ideas like firewalls and wormholes. They reflect on why certain approaches may fall short and whether recent theoretical insights are bringing the paradox closer to resolution. This conversation offers an engaging look at how physicists are rethinking black holes, quantum gravity, and the fundamental structure of reality.
This program is part of the Rethinking Reality series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
This program can be watched here, and on our YouTube channel, starting at 4PM on Friday, March 27.
Brian Greene is a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, and is recognized for a number of groundbreaking discoveries in his field of superstring theory. His books, The Elegant Universe, The Fabric of the Cosmos, and The Hidden Reality, have collectively spent 65 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list.
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Samir Mathur is a physicist who has spent over two decades working on the black hole information paradox. He has proposed that this paradox is resolved because the structure of black holes is radically altered in string theory: Instead of having all their mass at their center, black holes are “fuzzballs” with no regular horizon or singularity.
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